Trainer's Diary

HYPER-INFLAMMATORY DISEASE IN THE WEIMARANER

Fri, 19 Sep 2008 19:37:23 -0800

Several significant disease syndromes affect the Weimaraner breed (Table 1). Many of these diseases are part of a broader hyper-inflammatory syndrome seen in Weimaraners of similar bloodlines. A common underlying cause has been postulated, and the most appropriate treatment will be determined by the age of onset, clinical signs and overall prognosis.

Hypertrophic osteodystrophy (HOD) is a major manifestation of the hyper-inflammatory syndrome, and causes high fever, pain and lameness associated with swelling of the growth plates in the femur and humerus. This is typically seen in one or two puppies in a genetically susceptible litter, soon after they receive multivalent vaccination, although it also can occur after monovalent vaccination. Other recognized disease syndromes include a post-vaccinal reaction with high fever and nodular skin disease; humoral antibody immunodeficiency syndrome with recurrent infections involving the bowel, skin, and urinary tract; and aseptic meningitis.

Table 1. Prevalence of immune-mediated disease in the Weimaraner.

Disease Prevalence

Hypertrophic osteodystrophy 5.4%

Vaccine reactions 1.3%

Chronic diarrhea/IBD 1.2%

Steroid-responsive meningitis 0.6%

Immunodeficiency (IgA, IgM, IgG) 0.5%

*Weimaraner DNA-disease database at University College, Dublin, Ireland, July 2000

Hypertrophic Osteodystrophy (HOD)

Diagnosis of HOD relies not only on the typical history and clinical signs, but also on the characteristic radiographic findings of changes at the growth plate of long bones. Clinical signs include swollen, painful metaphyses, fever, lameness and reduced appetite. Many dogs have self-limiting small bowel diarrhea prior to onset of the fever and joint pain. Males and females are equally affected, and the age of onset is typically 8 1 16 weeks.

The cause of HOD remains unknown, as earlier speculations of vitamin C deficiency or over nutrition have not been substantiated. A link between HOD and humoral antibody immunodeficiency disease has not been established. Low levels of serum IgA, IgM, or IgG are found inconsistently in HOD-affected dogs. The high heritability of HOD within certain families suggests a significant genetic effect, and a DNA marker analysis is ongoing at the Veterinary Genetics Laboratory at UC-Davis.

Treatment of HOD in breeds other than the Weimaraner has traditionally relied on rest, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (such as carprofen or meloxicam), and opiate analgesics (such as butorphanol, tramadol, or fentanyl) as needed. In most cases, the disease is self-limiting, and most dogs recover in several weeks. However, the disease in Weimaraners is different, as these dogs are prone to a severe multi-organ inflammatory form of the disease, which commonly becomes fatal without appropriate treatment. Prompt recognition of the disease, and treatment with high doses of corticosteroids are key to a good outcome in this disease.

While the mode of inheritance of HOD has not been determined, an obvious breed predisposition exists such that genetic factors play an important role. Research from the Dublin group has found a high heritability for Weimaraner HOD ((o.68 ; 957 confidence interval of 0.65 – 0.71). This is important both for genetic counseling and for potential development of a genetic marker test. Until then, the only way to detect dogs carrying HOD-susceptibility genes has been by test matings.

Humoral Antibody Immunodeficiency

Immunodeficiency in the Weimaraner is well esteablished, although the cause is poorly understood. Low immunoglobulin levels are the consistent feature, and have been associated with chronic, recurrent disease involving a variety of tissues including the bowel, skin, and central nervous system.

Steroid-Responsive (Aseptic) Meningitis

Steroid-responsive aseptic meningitis is another relatively rare disease syndrome in Weimaraners. At least 15 cases have been documented. All of these dogs were presented to veterinarians for fever and neck/back pain. The age of onset is typically between 16 – 30 weeks of life, older than for puppies with HOD. Males are more frequently affected than females. The diagnosis is confirmed by spinal tap and analysis of cerebrospinal fluid. Many of these dogs require long term treatment with corticosteroids and azathioprine to control the disease, with recurrence seen when doses of these immuno-suppressive drugs are lowered.

Vaccination

An important finding has been the association of HOD disease with recent vaccination. About 70% of Weimaraners diagnosed with HOD have received a multivalent vaccine within 1 – 2 weeks of the disease onset. There has been no association with a particular brand or type of vaccine, and most brands have been implicated. An important point is the occasional case of a Weimaraner puppy with HOD that had not received vaccines within the previous 3 weeks. This indicates that vaccination is but one trigger for HOD in dogs with a susceptible genetic background.

Vaccination Recommendations

Core vaccine components including parvovirus, distemper, and adenovirus-2 are recommended for all Weimaraner puppies. Killed rabies vaccination is recommended as per regulatory requirements, usually at 16 – 24 weeks of age.

Non-core vaccines should remain at the discretion of the local veterinarian, and vaccination for Lyme disease or leptospirosis should be considered in endemic regions. However, these non-core vaccines should be avoided or delayed in bloodlines known to be at high risk for vaccine reactions. Coronavirus and Giardia vaccination are not recommended.

References: Couto, Krakowka, Johnson et al, Vet Immunol Immunopathol, 23: 103 – 112, 1989; Hansen, Clercx, Henroteaux et al, J Sm An Pract, 36: 128 – 131, 1995; Day, Power, Oleshenko et al, J Sm An Pract, 38: 311- 315, 1997; Abeles, Harrus, Angles JM et al, Vet Rec, 145:130-134, 1999; Dodds, JAAHA 38: 1-4, 2001; Harrus, Waner, Aizenberg et al, J Sm An Pract, 43: 27-31, 2002; Foale, Herrtage, Day, Vet Rec, 153:553-8, 2003.

(Excerpted from Dr. John Angles in “the Weimaraner Manual” – Weimaraner Club of America, June 2004)

Hypersensitivity to Sulfonamides

The Weimaraner is among those breeds documented to be hypersensitive to sulfonamides. Other affected breeds include: Doberman pinschers, Samoyeds and other white-coated breeds, miniature schnauzers, and breeds having a dilute coat color.

Sulfonamides are known to cause thrombocytopenia, and do so by either increasing platelet destruction or by bone marrow suppression. They also inhibit platelet function. Other documented side-effects of sulfonamides include fever, hepatopathy, neutropenia, keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS), hemolytic anemia, arthropathy, uveitis, skin and mucocutaneous lesions, proteinura, facial palsy, suspected meningitis, hypothyroidism, pancreatitis, facial edema, and pneumonitis. Dogs with sulfonamide-induced hepatopathy have a generally poor prognosis.

References: Cribb, JAVMA 195:1612-1614, 1989; Dodds, JAVMA 196: 681-682, 1990; Cribb, Lee, Trepanier et al, Adv Drug React Toxicol Rev 15: 9-50, 1996; Trepanier, Vet Dermatol, 10: 421-248, 1999; Trepanier, JVIM 17: 647-652, 2003; Trepanier, J Vet Phamacol Ther 27: 129-138, 2004.

LAB TIPS: Influence of age, breed type, and athletic conditioning on thyroid function testing:

Previous studies have established that thyroid hormone concentrations are higher in healthy young and adolescent animals, and lower in geriatric animals. Similarly, healthy toy and small breed dogs have higher metabolic rates and higher basal thyroid concentrations than large or giant breed dogs. Sighthounds as a group have lower resting thyroid hormone concentrations, and values in healthy sighthounds often fall just below the laboratory reference ranges.

Athletic conditioning or endurance exercise is another variable that affects thyroid hormone concentrations in healthy dogs. Significant decreases in T4 and free T4 concentrations (<established references ranges in 11 or 19 and 8 or 19 dogs, respectively), and significant increases in TSH concentrations were consistently found for dogs in the peak training state for athletic events (sled dog racing) as compared with concentrations in the untrained state. Thus, endurance training has a profound impact on thyroid hormone concentrations in competitive sled dogs. Similar findings have been observed for greyhounds during racing season, and dogs conditioned for competition lure coursing.

A lesson on becoming ALPHA

Sun, 13 Nov 2005 20:41:10 -0800

Download this important article from Weim Rescue Texas.

TOP 16 MYTHS ABOUT WEIMARANERS

Mon, 19 Sep 2005 16:53:17 -0800

By Judythe Coffman & Jonathan Winn

Myth: Weimaraners are “Greyhounds”.
Fact: They are definitely NOT greyhounds (a type of sighthound used in many places for hunting rabbits), though they are gray, and they descend from hounds, and they can and do hunt rabbits and other small furry critters.
Myth: Weimaraners don’t shed.
Fact: Weimaraners shed twice a year just like most breeds. They do not have a double coat nor an undercoat so they do not shed copious amounts of fur like some other breeds. The gray is sort of a neutral color and doesn’t show up as much as black or white hair but any Weimaraner owner can tell you there is still plenty of fur to vacuum off carpet and furniture.
Myth: Weimaraners are “expensive”.
Fact: Weimaraners are no more expensive than other breeds purchased from a reputable breeder whose main consideration is producing the best quality puppy they possibly can. The initial cost of buying any puppy is minimal compared to what it will cost to maintain the dog’s health and well-being for its lifetime.
Myth: Weimaraners need to eat Eukanuba.
Fact: There are many good kibbles on the market, some expensive, and some not so expensive. Weimaraners do best on a naturally preserved lamb and rice kibble as a base with the addition of yogurt, vegetables, raw meat, vitamin C and vitamin E as well as some sort of micronutrient to keep them in good health and condition. Expensive foods aren’t some magic potion that will keep your dog healthy. They are a product like any other product. Some are better than others.
Myth: Weimaraners need all their shots every year.
Fact: In the last few years, all 27 university veterinary teaching hospitals have released reports stating that it is not necessary for dogs to have all their shots every year. Only rabies is required by law in most states as it can be a human health concern. Weimaraners are one breed out of many that are at risk for adverse vaccine reactions.
Myth: Weimaraners are mellow and well-behaved, just like William Wegman’s. And hey! Don’t think twice about feeding them cupcakes or dressing them up in silly costumes — they love that.
Fact: William Wegman’s dogs are “trained” from the time they are puppies to “cooperate” with his photography of them. They don’t mind being dressed up because most Weimaraners just love being with their owners and will do anything to please them. However, NO Weimaraner can be well-behaved if it is not trained to be so from puppyhood. And when hunting birds or critters, most Weimaraners, unless they have had intensive field training, will not listen to anything. Refined sugars are generally not good for any dog but the occasional ice cream cone never hurt anybody! Weimaraners are hunting dogs and as such are very active and don’t mellow out until well into their prime at about 5 to 6 years old. Some remain very active until well into their older years.
Myth: Weimaraners like it when little kids pull on their ears and make barky noises.
Fact: Most dogs will not tolerate abuse from anyone including kids. Kids must be taught how to interact with any dog. Please teach your children the difference between live and stuffed.
Myth: “I used to have Weimaraners. They’re great dogs.”
Fact: Used to? So where are they now? Weimaraner rescue is full of dogs abandoned by their owners because no thought was put into whether the breed was right for them. They’re only great dogs if they have great and loving, responsible, owners.
Myth: Weimaraners are the big new fashion accessory.
Fact: If you think any animal is a fashion accessory you shouldn’t own one. You probably shouldn’t have children either.
Myth: Weimaraners ooze with nobility.
Fact: Maybe so, but that doesn’t keep them from eating cat poop or other “icky” things or destroying your home theater system because they aren’t getting the attention they crave.
Myth: My Weimaraner will be just fine tied to a tree in the back yard all day while I work late and my kids go to soccer practice.
Fact: Your Weimaraner is very people-oriented and will self-destruct without large amounts of attention. They NEED to be part of the family. There are no exceptions – this trait is bred into them.
Myth: “I’ll get a dog to teach my kids responsibility”.
Fact: YOU and only YOU are responsible for the dog. If you are irresponsible enough to toy with a dog’s life and well-being in order to teach your children some vague notion of responsibility, perhaps you are not adult enough to own a dog.
Myth: “How old is your Weim? He’s so skinny!”
Fact: Many unscrupulous or careless owners overfeed and under-exercise their Weims, and chalk up their dogs’ weight problem to advanced age. This couldn’t be further from the truth! Weimaraners should have a hint of ribs showing, no “dimple” in front of the tail, and no “roll” over the shoulders. Weimaraners are hunting dogs and shouldn’t be overweight because it’s hard on their joints and predisposes them to early onset arthritis as well as other joint and health problems.
Myth: “West Coast Weims” are bigger than “East Coast Weims”
Fact: At one time, that was more or less true. It was difficult, if not impossible to do any breeding between dogs on one coast and dogs on the other coast because air travel was dangerously and expensively prohibitive, long road trips are hard on animals, and the artificial insemination technology was not what it is today. There is one breed standard. One. Anyone breeding dogs bigger or smaller than the breed standard is probably an irresponsible breeder and you’d be well advised not to buy a Weim from them.
Myth: “That’s the kind of dog I want to get!”
Fact: Weims, like most breeds, are not for everyone. Ask yourself if you are truly prepared for regular daily discipline, attention, and exercise. A Weimaraner is not a dog that can be taken lightly. He requires a special owner who can be a firm Alpha leader, and always do so with a gentle hand. It’s like having a toddler in your house, except they are faster, smarter, and can smell meat in a locked freezer three blocks away – and you can’t ever send them to school for a “break” for you. Be prepared for furniture casualties, chewed personal effects (if nothing else, a Weim will make you a neater person learning to put things away out of their reach), and smeary nose prints all over the inside of your car and house windows.
Myth: “Weims come in five colors: Silver, Gray, Blue, Brown and Violet.”
Fact: Again, there is one standard. One. The standard states that the coat is shades of gray from silver to mouse gray. Silver is a very light shimmery color while mouse gray is a fairly dark brownish gray. There is a darker color variation called “blue” which is a disqualification under the breed standard. Some undiscriminating breeders have also tried to breed “brown” Weims. This makes no sense as you could have a “brown” German Shorthaired Pointer without going to all the fuss of trying to produce “brown” Weims. “Brown” Weims are usually a cross between a Weim and some other breed. Violet Weims? What color glasses are you wearing?

So give it a lot of thought. Maybe you’re a Corgi (or cat) person after all! If you're still sure you want a Weim, take this quiz first.

DO YOU REALLY WANT A WEIMARANER?

Thu, 8 Sep 2005 16:23:39 -0800

The Weimaraner is a short-coated dog. Its color ranges from light silver-gray to dark mouse-gray. The eyes are blue or light amber. The females are usually between 23 and 25 inches tall at the shoulder and weigh between 55 and 70 pounds. The males are larger at 25 to 27 inches at the shoulder and 65 to 85 pounds. This breed is used for hunting pheasant, quail, and other upland birds and waterfowl. It retains a very strong fur hunting instinct as well. They are bred for intelligence and stamina, to be able to work all day in the field. They love to work and play and have a seemingly endless energy. When not working, they must be part of the family, being included in everything you do. Although they excel at hunting, they are used for obedience, tracking, as show dogs, therapy dogs, are very good agility competitors, are used as drug detectors and police dogs in some parts of the world, and, raised and trained correctly, are great companions. They are a versatile dog with the brains and energy to do almost anything.

DOES THIS SOUND LIKE WHAT YOU ARE LOOKING FOR? THEN READ ON...

THE WEIMARANER PERSONALITY

The following pretty well describes a Weimaraner:

intelligent
fun-loving
demanding
strong-willed
devoted to his family
spiteful

loving
takes charge if no one else does
good with children
bossy
mischievous

responsive
stubborn
a guardian
a good watch dog
a good friend

Are you confused?
The Weimaraner is at times almost human. The degree of any of these traits depends on several things, but how the dog is raised has a big influence. A Weimaraner knows that someone should be in charge, should be the leader. If one of the humans in the family isn’t the leader, the dog will take over. However, when one of the humans is in charge, the Weimaraner will accept its role as a family member.

The Weimaraner personality
If you are a couch potato and live in a small apartment, no, a Weimaraner would not be a good idea. Neither of you would be happy and the dog would soon become a problem to live with. If you like moderate exercise, such as walking, and/or have a fenced yard where you can let the dog out safely, yes, it could work out well for both of you. If you can’t say no and mean it or set boundaries of good behavior, don’t get a Weimaraner. It would run the place. If you want an intelligent, stimulating companion that will require daily sessions of attention, training, togetherness, and fun, the Weimaraner might be for you. If you want a dog that sits quietly and waits for you to notice it, you should look at another breed. This is a breed you will either love or hate. Spend as much time around Weimaraners as you can before you decide if this is the breed for you.

How much Training will be Needed?
The time you need will depend on two things:

What you want to teach (housebreaking, basic manners, tricks, advanced obedience work, retrieving, etc.)
How you train (consistency, praise, patience, and repetition work best with a Weimaraner).

Weimaraners are generally easy to housebreak and crate-train. They like to be clean with their personal habits and Mom will teach them early lessons. Many breeders begin elementary housebreaking before the puppies leave for their new homes. Many breeders will also begin gentling or socializing exercises at a young age to get the puppies used to being handled. Most people recommend that you should attend at least puppy socialization and basic obedience class with your Weimaraner. The exercise will be good for both of you and it will help establish that you are boss, while teaching both of you useful skills. Besides, it can be fun. Who knows, you may even have the class clown. Weimaraners can learn to do almost everything. Weimaraner people often tell stories of dogs who can turn on the faucet to get a drink, open doors, even one who figured out how to turn on a microwave, and one that rang the doorbell when he wanted to come in. They can open the typical fence gate latch in a flash. They can learn as many tricks as you or they can think of.

Tell Me About Weimaraners!!!

Thu, 8 Sep 2005 16:02:54 -0800

Most people know one thing about weimaraners - that they are a beautiful breed of dog. Their color is very distinctive, from silver-gray to mouse-gray, and they are short haired. But the characteristics of this breed go far beyond the physical beauty, and these are the things that make them a breed that is not suited to every home. GOOD POINTS

They have a short, sleek coat that requires minimal brushing. They shed twice a year.
They are natural watchdogs and very protective of what they consider theirs. HOWEVER, THEY ARE ALSO NOTORIOUS FOR BEING RECREATIONAL BARKERS.
They are very good with older, considerate children.
They are excellent jogging or long walk companions. THIS BREED REQUIRES A LOT OF EXERCISE - after all they are a hunting breed.
They are very curious and want to be a part of whatever you are doing. They must be indoor pets, they very much want and need to be part of the family.
Overall they are a vigorous and long-lived breed of dog. Average life span is 10-12 years.
They are very playful and will create games to play with you.
They are very sensitive to your moods and want to be touching you when they lie down.
Most are good hunting dogs.
They love to retrieve and carry things.
They love to go with you anytime, anywhere.

BAD POINTS

They are very destructive and most are chewers until they reach maturity. Some are chewers their entire lives.
They will eat anything - pantyhose, lava rocks, sofas, pillows, etc. They are also natural thieves and you must put things up out of their reach.
As a result of the above 2 traits, a crate (wire or plastic) for confinement when not supervised is a must for this breed. If you can’t stand to put a dog in a crate, please don’t buy a weimaraner.
They are stubborn and hard-headed and smart enough to be manipulative. They will try to get away with everything possible.
They can be dog fighters.
They are usually too strong and active for elderly owners.
They must have consistent discipline and obedience training at an early age. Without it the dog and owner will be miserable.
This dog must never be allowed off leash in an unfenced area in the city. They are very untrustworthy and may chase the first animal they see.
See GOOD POINTS # 2 and 4.
They are prone to having allergy problems, hip dysplasia, diaphragmatic hernias, and bloat. Also making a recent appearance, eye problems.
They were created to hunt anything with fur or feathers, and often will kill small animals.

WORDS OF WISDOM BEFORE ACQUIRING A WEIMARANER

Thu, 8 Sep 2005 16:04:52 -0800

I urge all potential Weimaraner owners to ask yourselves these questions: Can your entire household handle the size and activity level of a Weimaraner? The adult weight of a Weim can be overpowering. Weims are more active than a lot of breeds-by this I mean that many, not all, Weims are busy, busy, busy. Does that type of dog fit your lifestyle? Has someone in your household grudgingly agreed to allow you to have a dog/Weimaraner? Is someone only giving in to your pressure? Too many times a reluctant family member “lets someone have” their dream dog, but when that dream becomes a reality-along with the housebreaking, barking, chewing and digging-suddenly the dog has got to go. Tolerance is a big part of dog ownership, all family members have to really want to accept and cherish your new family member. If one family member dislikes the idea of a large housedog, you should instead compromise with a pet you can all agree on. Can you live with the consequences of a Weimaraner’s high prey drive? Weims can and do kill small furry critters. If that happens can you live with it? That is the one single question you must answer, and do it honestly. Weims can sometimes live successfully with cats and other small animals; however, if the worst happens will it cause you to want to get rid of the dog? If the answer is yes, then you should NOT get a Weimaraner-period. Will your Weimaraner live indoors? I think that all dogs should be indoors when people are at home. Dogs desire to be members of a pack and as such they need to be with you (their pack leader) when you are at home. You are acquiring a companion animal: Livestock and lawn furniture are kept outdoors 24 hours a day, NOT companion animals. So ask yourself, how much time (out of a 24-hour day) do you plan on spending with your new companion? If the answer is only an hour or two at most, please consider an alternative to getting a dog. A Weim’s size, energy level, and desire to be with people means that if the dog becomes frustrated at being outside they can and will do significant damage (tear up lawn, chew hoses, chew electrical wiring, chew tires, chew off screens, chew through wood doors, chew molding, chew plants, chew up chain link, etc.). Oh yeah, if they are frustrated, Weims can also BARK real loud and often! How will you deal with destructive phases? Weims hit a major energy and destruction phase from 6-18 months old-and you need to have a plan to keep the dog from destroying the environment and the environment from hurting the dog. If all you intend to do is to keep the dog loose in the house or yard when you are not home (during this adolescent/puppy phase), you should plan on significant damage. Are you ready to take on the responsibility of a Weimaraner for the next 10-15 years? Our rescue organizations are flooded with dogs that are given up for many, many reasons-but the overwhelming reason is that their owners were not responsible enough or committed enough to stick it out. Owning a pet requires a sense of caring, tolerance, humor and love. If there is even the possibility that in the future you might move and not take your dog, get divorced and not want to keep your dog, or not have enough time for a dog-then DON’T GET A DOG. GINA GRISSOM (My hope in writing these questions is to inform potential Weimaraner owners about the characteristics you may not yet be considering when you decide to purchase a Weimaraner. Too many people decide on a breed of dog based on looks and have no understanding of the pros and cons of their chosen breed. Consider these important questions BEFORE acquiring a Weimaraner, not afterwards.)

Screening a Potential Breeder

Tue, 23 Nov 2004 15:02:35 -0800

Many thanks to Shirley Greene for allowing me to reprint this article on this site.

S. Greene 01/23/02

Which Breed?
Puppy Mills and Petshops
Backyard Breeders
Adoptions
Finding your Breeder
Questioning a Prospective Breeder
     The Dogs
     The Business
     A Particular Litter or Pup
Red Flags
Let Me Check you Out
Select Another Breeder WHEN
What if There's a Problem?
In Conclusion

You’ve finally decided to get a pup. Whether for the first time, or the tenth, the process of finding just the right dog to fit into your family has begun. Few things are more exciting than looking for a puppy. Whether selecting a Chihuahua or a Shiloh Shepherd, the buyer must be able to ascertain if a breeder is responsible and honest. After all, when you are making a lifetime commitment, you deserve to know as much as possible about the pup’s genetic health and temperament. A knowledgeable, ethical breeder is your best resource.

Which Breed?

Begin by researching breeds. You may do this by taking an interactive test on a number of the web sites designed to help you narrow the field. Once you’ve found a breed (or two) that is compatible and visually appealing, check it out. Whether on the Internet or Animal Planet, through the AKC or a registry specific to the rare breed you may have selected, learn as much as possible about your choice – both the physiology and the temperament. Many breed associations and clubs will provide an information packet or video to prospective buyers for a nominal fee. Take advantage of this service. Become familiar with the breed standard. Learn which canine diseases are most common and what tests are available for screening. Set aside time to research breed history, working ability, temperament, exercise requirements, genetic health issues and expenses you should expect for routine maintenance. Visit conformation shows, obedience classes and working dog field trials or matches to see your "breed de jour" in action. Working with K9 rescues and private shelters, I’ve heard owners give these reasons for turning in an older pup. All of these complaints are nothing more than characteristics of the breed:

Do Irish Wolfhounds always get this BIG?

Do Neapolitan Mastiffs have to drool?

I thought a German Shepherd Dog would only eat 1 or 2 cups of food a day.

If Poodles don’t shed, why do they need to be clipped?

This Border Collie isn’t the laid back dog I wanted.

It is sad that these people did not do their homework before purchasing a pup. It is appalling their breeders did not confirm that the buyers understood the basic responsibilities for owning the breed.

Level the playing field. Know your breed’s strengths and weaknesses. Be able to intelligently discuss them. Only then can you begin speaking with breeders about an upcoming litter or a particular pup from their lines. Knowledge is power when it comes to finding the right pup. Study hard before making an investment in your next canine companion.

Puppy Mills and Pet Shops

When in comes to puppy mills and pet shops – Just Say No. A puppy mill is an operation run by an unethical individual where breeding dogs is motivated by money. Very often a broker buys pups from a puppy mill and transports them into another state for cash sales. Puppy mills supply pet shops.

Many times people feel so sorry for the pups that they buy them in order to save them. A word of advice – Don’t. This only supports animal abuse by putting more money into the operation. Instead, report the breeder to the local Animal Control or Animal Welfare Agency or Humane Society. To shut down a puppy mill – speak up.

Backyard Breeders

Backyard breeders are more than a place – they are a state of mind. Perhaps it is more accurate to say they exist in a state of mindlessness. Many inexperienced people have a litter of puppies for fun and/or profit. They have no idea of the genetic health history of their breeding stock and
little idea about how to raise quality puppies. They are uneducated about the early phases of socialization and unable to spot temperament variations that may be evident while the pups are still in the whelping box.

Whether you find them via a newspaper ad or a color picture in a glossy magazine - beware! In fact, some will have "papers" and their pups will be properly registered. However, when you begin careful questioning, you’ll discover specific knowledge is slim to none, as are their goals for improving the breed.

Adoptions

Pups from ethical, reputable breeders are expensive. It costs a great deal in time, energy and money to raise genetically healthy dogs that have well balanced drives and intelligence. You are making an investment that lasts for the lifetime of the animal. Quality pups are never cheap.

If you cannot afford to purchase a pup from a reputable breeding program, please adopt a dog or pup from the Humane Society, ASPCA, breed rescue or local no-kill shelter. Then, take it to your veterinarian as soon as possible – the same day is best. Before signing the adoption forms, make certain you can return the animal, should your vet uncover a genetic defect or poor health. If the animal exhibits signs of aggression or fear, you must quickly have an evaluation by a competent trainer or animal behaviorist. A healthy dog with issues may not be the right choice for your family.

Read the Adoption Contract very carefully. If an organization will not allow you to return the dog, do not adopt.

Last year, I interviewed a woman who has been involved with rescuing dogs for over 25-years. In the article, she explains how to test and evaluate a shelter/rescue prospect. If you would like a copy, just e-mail me at: jeff6542@aol.com.

Finding Your Breeder

So, how does the average person looking for a puppy find the right breeder? How can you uncover a backyard breeder? How can you tell if a breeder is honest? And, how can you tell if the breeder is more interested in the welfare of their dogs than in making a sale? Here are some tips.

Questioning A Prospective Breeder

The Dogs

How long have you been involved with dogs?

How long have you been involved with this particular breed?

How long have you been breeding?

What should be improved in the breed?

How do you plan on doing it?

What are the goals for your kennel?

To which breed clubs do you belong?

In which training organizations/groups/clubs are you a member?

How many litters a year do you have?

How do you screen for genetic diseases?

How do you screen for temperament in your breeding stock?

How many brood bitches do you own or co-own? Where are they?

How many stud dogs do you own or co-own? Where are they?

Where are your litters raised?

How often are your breeding dogs vet checked?

What do you feed your dogs?

Where do you go for information and advice on:

Genetics? Temperament? Training? Health?

Do any of your dogs have a working title?

How many of your dogs have earned a Canine Good Citizen’s Certificate?

Who are/were your mentors?

What other breeders do you respect? Why?

The Business

What percentage of your income is derived from dog breeding?

What papers come with a pup?

May I have a copy of your contract to review at home?

May I have a banking reference?

May I have contact information for two people who have owned your dogs two or more years?

Are you required by law to be licensed or inspected by your State, County or City?

Do you voluntarily participate in any type of kennel inspection/certification?

Do you belong to the Better Business Bureau, Chamber of Commerce or other local business associations?

May I have a business and personal reference?

A Particular Litter or Pup

Why did you mate this bitch and stud?

What do you want from their pups?

Is this the first litter for either?

Have they been bred to each other before? If so, how many times?

What are prior litters from this pair doing?

What are prior litters, individually, for the bitch and the stud doing?

Have any health issues surfaced in prior litters using either of these dogs individually or paired?

Tell me about those health issues.

Have any temperament issues surfaced in any prior litters from these parents?

Tell me about those temperament issues.

For what genetic diseases were these parents screened? Get a copy of results.

May I see the growth charts for ALL the pups in this litter?

How do you track each pup’s identity?
Breeders often place pups with other bitches for feeding or fostering. Breeders can easily become confused if pups are not properly tagged. Therefore, a foolproof method of identifying each pup must be in place when there is more than one litter on the ground.

When will you temperament test? Or, if it has been done, ask to see results on EACH PUP IN THE LITTER, not just the one you are considering.

May I see vet records on the parents? Grandparents?

What obedience titles have the grandparents or parents earned?

Where has this litter been raised? (barn, kennel, inside the home, etc.)

Tell me about your early puppy socialization program.

When were these pups vet checked and how is the litters’ general health?

Explain your immunization program and what shots they have before placement.

An ethical breeder will ask you many, many questions. This is done in order to match each pup with its ideal, lifetime home. Answer their inquiries honestly. All pups are cute, but some may end up being just too much dog for an inexperienced handler.

Red Flags

Multiple breeds are on site.

Breeding is the only source of income for the family.

Breeder cannot show you evidence of genetic health testing.

No written contract.

No health guarantee.

Puppies are released before 8 weeks of age.

Puppies have not been wormed or given vaccinations prior to placement.

Breeder cannot show you records on vet exam(s) for litter/pup.

Web site, print ads do not list specific location.

Kennel name is used on advertising but no individual is named.

You are "discouraged" from visiting the kennel.

They insist upon delivering the pup to you - - for your convenience.*

Facility is not clean or animals are not well groomed.

Pups are not "tagged" or "marked."

* Some very ethical breeders will ask you to visit their facility, first. If you decide to purchase a pup, they will insist upon delivering it directly to your home. This allows them to inspect your environment and insure you are prepared. Bravo!

Let Me Check You Out

In addition to asking questions, here are my suggestions for checking out a breeder:

If possible, visit the kennel in person. If distance is a factor, ask a friend or family member to visit and to make a video for you. You may also retain a licensed private investigator to take photographs and videotape the breeder responding to your list of questions.

Call the BBB for the metropolitan area closest to the breeder and ask about the number of complaints filed against the kennel. Also ask if those complaints have been resolved or remain open.

Call the Office of the Attorney General, Consumer Fraud or Complaint Division, of the State in which the breeder resides. Ask for the total number of complaints filed against the kennel, if any, and obtain any written information or reports they may have on file from past or active investigations. Matters of public record can be mailed or faxed directly to you for a nominal fee.

Call the law enforcement agency closest to your breeder to determine the number of visits, if any, they have made to the premises. A relative used my suggestion and learned that she had actually been referred to a kennel that was in the process of being closed by a local animal welfare agency. Another friend learned that the reason older puppies were being sold so cheaply was that the owner was facing a prison sentence and was liquidating stock prior to serving his term. No matter how nice the pups, the breeder was hasta-la-bye-bye and would be unable to stand behind his contract!

Select Another Breeder WHEN:

The breeder does not answer ALL of your questions in a forthright manner.
The breeder is inconsistent with information, e.g. on the phone, the breeder says there are 2 females in a litter of 6 pups and when you arrive there are 7 pups in the litter. You didn’t misunderstand; something isn’t ‘kosher.’
The breeder doesn’t question you about your home environment, family’s lifestyle and prior experience with pets, in general, and this breed, in particular.
You have a nagging feeling in your gut that something just isn’t quite right. Trust your instincts!

What If There’s a Problem?

I’ve always believed that the true measure of a good breeder doesn’t come in how they handle the successful placements, but in how they react when things don’t go as planned. Will the cream be risin’ to the top when trouble’s knockin’ at the door? Picture yourself calling the breeder when the pup is 9-months old. What will be their reaction when your vet faxes them a medical report raising genetic issues? Can you be reasonably certain they’ll offer you support and the benefit of their many years of experience? If a refund or replacement puppy is appropriate, how easy do you think it will be to collect on the promises made in the contract? These questions can help you think logically when puppy kisses leave you breathless.

In Conclusion

It’s amazing. The harder you work and the more you learn, the better your luck will be in finding just the right breeder. A healthy pup, full of vigor, exhibiting stable nerves and intelligence is a joy to train. You’ll have an abundance of loving companionship for many years to come. A pup isn’t a purchase - - it is an investment. To insure the best possible return on that investment, select an ethical breeder. My wish for you is a special bond - one of respect, trust and mutual admiration - not only with your dog, but also with your breeder. To share comments, please contact the author, Shirley Greene, at jeff6542@aol.com.

Canine Body Language

Thu, 7 Oct 2004 13:22:09 -0800

Canine Body Language
This is a free PDF document that you can download, print out, and hang on your refrigerator.

You'll need Adobe Reader to open the document. You can download it for free here.

The "Inexpensive" Puppy vs. The "Expensive Puppy"

Thu, 30 Sep 2004 19:46:33 -0800

Author Unknown

"Inexpensive" Puppy	"Expensive" Puppy
The dam of this litter was purchased from a local pet store and originally came from a Kansas puppy mill. She was sick off and on the first year of her life due to many different types of intestinal parasites and malnutrition. The sire, an over-sized male, lives down the street and was purchased from an ad in the newspaper. Neither owner has ever heard of an AKC written standard. Neither owner has seen a written pedigree. The female is skittish and snappy. Her owners hope that having a litter will calm her down.	Both the sire and dam of this puppy came from top Quality breeding stock, which was developed over years and years of selective and knowledgeable breeding. Both meet the requirements of the written AKC standard for the breed in conformation as well as temperament. Each has a pedigree, which has been studied and thoroughly researched. These dogs have been selected to breed to each other because they can both contribute to the excellence of the breed as well as complement one another.
The breeder is totally unaware of the genetic problems within the breed. Trips to the Veterinarian, except for dire emergencies or yearly shots, are considered too expensive. The breeder's hope is to make money off the sale of the puppies. If he keeps expenses down, he can buy that new couch he's been wanting. Puppies are sold with no guarantee.	Before this breeding ever took place, both male and female had tests including hip x-rays, eye tests and other pertinent genetic tests to determine that there were no physical or genetic problems that might be passed on to offspring. The breeder is well aware of the genetic problems to which the breed is predisposed, and uses no animal for breeding unless it is certified clear of defects by a qualified Veterinarian. The health of her pups is guaranteed.
These puppies are born in a box in the garage and receive little care other than what the mother gives. To cut costs they are weaned on generic dog food and allowed to nurse on the mother as long as possible to keep food bills down. The bitch's health declines rapidly due to poor health and some pups are week and runty. They are sold as quickly as possible because advertising and vaccines are expensive. They are sold without having had their dewclaws removed nor their tails docked, without shots, parasite checks, vet examinations, guarantees or information of any kind. They are sold to anyone who has the cash. If the new owner is lucky, he may receive an AKC registration application. Although the puppy is of very poor quality, it is sold with full breeding rights. The new owner usually disappears with the pup, never to be seen or heard from again. If the market is not good, the breeder takes the leftover pups to the local pet shop or animal shelter.	This breeder is a professional and he has a good reputation to maintain. His goal is to produce beautiful and sound specimens, which anyone would be proud to own. Profit, if any is made, goes toward future breeding, always aimed toward the betterment of the breed, or for show entries, handler's fees, new equipment and important veterinary tests. Both mother and pups are fed the highest quality, State of the Art dog food. Many trips to the vet assure him that mother and pups are thriving under the very best care. The pups are raised in a busy part of the house where they are socialized, groomed and exposed to different kinds of stimulus. They are touched and talked to and even cuddled and sung to. They are never sold before they are at least seven weeks old. Every buyer is interviewed at length and pups are placed only in homes where they will receive the finest treatment. The breeder spends time with each new owner, educating and answering questions. Follow-up calls are made to make sure the pups are adjusting well. Each new owner receives a bill of sale and health guarantee, a vaccination record, minimum three-generation pedigree, guarantee of registration with the AKC and thorough puppy care and nutrition information. If the puppy is not considered to be of such quality, as it will better the breed, the puppy is sold with a limited registration or non-breeding registration and new owners agree to neuter/spay the dog at the appropriate age. Owners are encouraged to continue a relationship with the breeder, and to call and ask questions at any time during the dog's life.

The comparison you have just read is hypothetical, but very typical of what we see all too often. Although not every breeder who charges higher prices is reputable and ethical, pet buyers should keep looking until they find one that is. When asked why prices are so much higher than those in the paper are, a copy of this article should explain why. Those buyers who respect the quality and excellence are wonderful Customers and become "partners" in this hobby that reputable breeders love so much. Those that are seeking pets deserve nothing less than a nice, quality healthy and trusting animal and a breeder they can count on.

PUPPY SHOT SCHEDULE

Sat, 10 Sep 2005 07:02:27 -0800

Age	Vaccine	Source
11 Weeks	1/3 dose MLV parvo	Proguard
13 Weeks	Distemper Only	Galaxy-D
15 Weeks	1/3 dose MLV parvo	Proguard
17 Weeks	Distemper only	Galaxy-D

It is strongly recommended that you wait as long as possible after this shot schedule is completed to give a rabies shot. Up to one year of age if at all possible. Thereafter, rabies as required but never on the same day as any other vaccine - always 2 weeks before or after any other vaccine. You may have your vet run a white cell count to be sure it is safe to give the next shot especially if the pup seems to have had a vaccine reaction. If white cell count is elevated, it's safer to wait a week to give the next shot.

If pup(s) need worming (run a stool sample to be sure) insert in shot schedule at least l week before or after a vaccine (preferably 2 weeks) and delay the rest of the shot schedule appropriately.

DO NOT give the dog any shots if it is sick or under stress; i.e.: shipping, field training, boarding, showing, teething, etc. This warning is printed on all vaccine packaging and a lot of vets ignore it.

After the age of 6 months, it is highly recommended that you run titers once a year through a blood test to determine if the dog needs a booster shot. The blood sample should be sent to:

HEMOPET
11330 Markon Drive
Garden Grove, CA 92841
Phone: 714-891-2022
FAX: 714-891-2123
Attention: Dr. Jean Dodds referencing Judy Coffman, Breeder

This shot schedule seems long and drawn out but there is no hard and fast rule on when the mother’s immunities wane and they can interfere with a vaccine. Proguard can be bought from several catalogs or can be obtained from your vet. Galaxy-D can be obtained from your vet or from catalogs. Do NOT vary from this vaccine schedule. If you wish your vet to give the shots, YOU ARE PAYING THE BILL and have the right to demand what’s best for your dog. If your vet won’t give the shots the way it is recommended, find a vet who will! If you live within 2 hours of our home, we will give the puppy the shots. It is included in the price of the puppy. It’s also advisable to keep the pup/dog on double the levels of Vitamin C recommended by your breeder (and we can recommend other means to get this pup safely through this period) as this period, and up to l year of age or so, is very stressful on young dogs. They are growing, teething, their hormones are raging. Add to that the stress of whatever you are doing with them and it adds up to a recipe for disaster.

DON'T KILL YOUR DOG!!!

PS: It is thought by most researchers that there is a 4 to 5 week window where the mother's immunities are not strong enough to prevent a disease but the pup has enough maternal immunities to interfere with its ability to take an immunity from a vaccine. Therefore, it is highly recommended that you do not expose the pup to any situation where it is likely to come in contact with other dogs shedding MLV from recent vaccines, such as parks, the grass strips along streets, puppy classes, or even the vet's office until the shot schedule is finished. If the pup must go to the vet see if you can persuade him to examine the pup in your vehicle or some other place where it won't be exposed to more disease than is necessary.

IMPORTANT NOTE: In the last few years, ALL 27 university veterinary teaching hospitals have recommended that dogs do not get all their shots every year after the puppy series is concluded. Go to www.weimclubamerica.org for the latest information on vaccine recommendations for weimaraners and the latest research results on weimaraners and vaccine reactions. The only vaccine needed every 3 years (or in some states every year) is rabies, and that is because it is a human public health concern and is required by law. Kennel cough vaccines only cover 3 of the 14 viruses known to cause kennel cough. Heartworm is carried by a particular mosquito and is only a concern, in CA, in the San Diego area, the Sacramento delta area, and the Bay Area. If you live in another state or area, be sure to check with your vet to see if Heartworm preventative is necessary.